Loan Eligibility Kya Hoti Hai? Bank Kaise Decide Karta Hai? (Income Based Formula 2026 Guide)

 

Loan Eligibility ka simple matlab hota hai ki bank ya NBFC aapko kitna loan de sakta hai aur wo loan approve hoga ya nahi. Loan eligibility salary, income, CIBIL score, current EMIs, age, job stability aur loan type par depend karti hai. Har bank apna formula use karta hai par basic rules almost same hote hai.

2026 me fintech aur NBFC ke aane se eligibility check fast ho gaya hai — ab kuch lenders real-time eligibility check kar lete hai sirf PAN + Aadhaar + Income details se.

Loan Eligibility Kin Factors Par Depend Karti Hai?

Loan eligibility decide karne ke main 7 factors hai:

1. Income (Salary/Business)

2. CIBIL Score

3. FOIR (Fixed Obligation Income Ratio)

4. DTI (Debt to Income Ratio)

5. Employment Type

6. Age

7. Loan Type

Ab ek-ek detail me samajhte hai.

1. Income (Most Important Factor)

Bank sabse pehle check karta hai ki applicant monthly kitna earn karta hai. Salary jitni zyada hogi, eligibility utni zyada milegi.

Example:

• Salary ₹20,000 → Eligibility low

• Salary ₹50,000 → Medium

• Salary ₹1,00,000+ → High

Business income me ITR + Bank Statements important hote hai.

2. CIBIL Score

CIBIL score credit history show karta hai ki applicant ka past repayment kaise tha.

Score & Chances:

CIBIL Score	Loan Chances
750+	Very High
700–749	Good
650–699	Medium
<650	Low
<600	Rejection High

NBFC fintech 650+ par bhi loan de dete hai par interest zyada hota hai.

3. FOIR (Fixed Obligation Income Ratio)

FOIR se bank check karta hai ki aapki income ka kitna percent existing EMIs me ja raha hai.

Formula:

FOIR = (Existing EMIs / Net Monthly Income) × 100

Bank rule:

1. FOIR < 40% = Good
2. FOIR 40-50% = Risky
3. FOIR > 50% = Reject

Example:

Salary = ₹30,000

Existing EMI = ₹8,000

FOIR = (8000/30000)*100 = 26.6% → Good

4. DTI (Debt to Income Ratio)

DTI ka full form hai Debt to Income Ratio, aur iska matlab hota hai ki aapki monthly income ka kitna percent aapke existing debt (EMI + loan + credit card dues) me ja raha hai.

Ye ratio lenders ko batata hai ki borrower kitna financially stressed vs stable hai.

DTI = (Monthly Debt Obligations / Gross Monthly Income) × 100

Where:

Monthly Debt Obligations include:
✔ EMI (personal loan, bike, car, home, NBFC, fintech)
✔ Credit card minimum dues
✔ Existing BNPL dues
✔ Overdue EMIs

📝 Example (Easy)

Suppose:

Income = ₹40,000 / month
Existing EMI = ₹8,000

DTI = (8000 / 40000) × 100 = 20%

20% DTI = Good

🧱 DTI Ka Role Loan Approval Me

DTI mainly secured loans me check hota hai:

✔ Home Loan
✔ Car Loan
✔ LAP (Loan Against Property)

Personal loan me FOIR zyada use hota hai, DTI secondary hota hai.

📉 DTI Threshold (Bank Chart)

Banks ke approximate DTI acceptable range:

DTI %	Risk Level	Approval Chance
0–20%	Low Risk	Very High
21–35%	Moderate	High
36–45%	High	Medium
46–55%	Very High	Low
55%+	Critical	Reject

🏦 Why DTI Important in Secured Loans?

Secured loans ka tenure long hota hai (5–30 years), isliye lender ensure karta hai ki borrower:

✔ Long-term EMI pay kar paaye
✔ Default risk low ho
✔ Debt burden manageable ho

Home loan me DTI decide karta hai:

• Max loan eligibility

• Tenure

• EMI load

• Rate of interest (sometimes)

🏘 Home Loan Me DTI Example

Income: ₹60,000
Existing EMI: ₹12,000 (car loan)

DTI = (12,000 / 60,000) × 100 = 20%

Bank home loan approve karega because DTI < 35%

Ab maan lo applicant aur EMI le leta:

New EMI: ₹18,000
Total debt = 12,000 + 18,000 = 30,000
DTI = (30,000 / 60,000) × 100 = 50%

DTI 50% → Risky → Bank reject ya low amount sanction karega.

🔁 DTI vs FOIR Difference

Bahut log confuse hote hai, simple difference:

Factor	DTI	FOIR
Basis	Gross Income	Net Income
Loan Type	Secured	Personal
Tenure Impact	High	Moderate
Risk Role	Long Term	Short Term
Data	Credit Bureau	Salary + EMI

🧨 Credit Card Me DTI Ka Effect

Credit card ke minimum dues bhi DTI me count hote hai. Agar dues increase ho gaye to DTI artificially high ho sakta.

Example:
Credit card due = ₹4000
Income = ₹20,000
DTI = 20%

Even without loan.

🛑 High DTI = Red Flag

High DTI ka matlab lender ke liye:

✖ Default probability high
✖ EMI sustain nahi karega
✖ Extra loan risky

Isliye NBFC bhi 50%+ DTI reject kar dete.

🎯 DTI Improve Kaise Kare?

3 smart hacks:

✔ Existing loan close karo
✔ Credit card dues settle
✔ Tenure badha ke EMI reduce
✔ Income proof consolidate

Co-applicant add karne se DTI half ho sakta hai (home loan me common).

💬 Real Lending Market Insight (Important)

2026 lending me:

• Personal loan = FOIR dominant

• Home loan = DTI dominant

• Car loan = Hybrid

• BNPL/Fintech = Neither (behaviour score use)

Lender bureau + banking behaviour + DTI + FOIR combine karta hai.

⭐ Conclusion: 

DTI kya hota hai?
DTI ka matlab hota Debt to Income Ratio — borrower ki income ka kitna hissa existing debts me ja raha hai. Home loan approval me DTI 35–45% acceptable, 50%+ risky.

 

5. Employment Type

Bank salary wale log ko prefer karta hai kyunki stable income hota hai.

Priority order:

1. Government employees

2. PSU workers

3. MNC employees

4. Private employees

5. Self-employed

6. Business owners

7. Gig workers (fintech prefer)

6. Age Factor

Loan age limit approx:

Loan Type	Minimum	Maximum
Personal Loan	21	58/60
Home Loan	21	65/70
Business Loan	21	65
Auto Loan	18	60

7. Loan Type

Eligibility loan type ke hisaab se bhi change hoti hai:

• Personal loan → strict

• Home loan → flexible

• Gold loan → easiest

• Business loan → document heavy

Loan Eligibility Calculation (Simple Explained)

Banks mostly EMI-to-Income Rule follow karte hai.

Rule:

Maximum EMI ≈ Income ka 40–45%

Example:

Income = ₹40,000

Max EMI = ₹16,000–18,000

Ab yahi EMI ke basis par loan amount calculate hota hai.

Eligibility Calculator Example

Agar interest rate 12% hai aur EMI ₹16,000 ho sakti hai:

Loan approx = ₹4–6 Lakh (tenure ke hisaab se)

Tenure:

Tenure	Loan Eligibility
12 months	Low
24 months	Medium
60 months	High

Tenure badhane se eligibility badh jati hai.

Salaried Vs Business Eligibility Difference

Factor	Salaried	Business
Income Proof	Salary Slip	ITR + Statement
Stability	3–6 months job	1–2 years
Risk	Low	Medium
Approval	Fast	Moderate

NBFC business ko bhi push kar rahe hai fintech model se.

NBFC vs Bank Eligibility (Important)

NBFC eligibility flexible hota hai isliye approvals fast:

Point	Bank	NBFC
CIBIL	Strict	Flexible
FOIR	Strict	Medium
Income	Strict	Flexible
Approval Time	Slow	Fast
Interest	Low	High

Yahi reason hai fintech boom ho raha hai.

Loan Eligibility Improve Kaise Kare?

5 simple hacks:

✔ CIBIL 700+ maintain
✔ Existing EMI reduce
✔ Credit card overdue avoid
✔ Tenure badhao
✔ Co-applicant add karo

Common Mistakes (Avoid These)

✖ Salary slip fake
✖ Multiple loan enquiry
✖ Short bureau history
✖ High credit card usage
✖ EMI bounce

Multiple enquiry se CIBIL me hard inquiry mark hoti hai jo score ko down karti hai.

FAQs (Featured Snippet Friendly)

Q: Minimum CIBIL kitna chahiye personal loan ke liye?
700+ recommended hai, NBFC 650+ consider kar lete hai.

Q: Eligibility instant check hoti hai?
Fintech apps yes, banks mostly offline verify karte hai.

Q: Co-applicant se eligibility badti hai?
Haan, household income combine ho jata hai.

Conclusion

Loan eligibility ek complete process hai jisme bank applicant ka income, CIBIL, EMI load aur employment check karta hai. Eligibility high rakhna ho to EMI bounce avoid, CIBIL maintain aur multiple enquiry se bachna zaruri hai.